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Linux is a powerful and versatile operating system that has gained immense popularity in recent years. Whether you're a developer, a tech enthusiast, or just looking to explore a new computing experience, installing Linux is a fantastic way to get started. In this step-by-step tutorial, we'll walk you through the process of installing a Linux distribution on your computer in the easiest way that I have learned in my Career.
Why Install Linux?
Before we dive into the installation process, let's briefly explore why you might want to install Linux:
Open Source: Linux is open-source, which means it's free to use and highly customizable. You can tailor your Linux environment to suit your needs.
Stability and Security: Linux is known for its stability and security features, making it a popular choice for servers and critical systems.
Vast Software Repository: Linux offers a vast repository of software, including popular applications and development tools.
Community Support: There's a thriving Linux community ready to help you with any issues or questions you might have.
Selecting a Linux Distribution
Linux comes in many flavors, known as distributions (or distros). Each distro has its own characteristics and strengths. Some of the most popular ones are:
Ubuntu: A user-friendly distribution suitable for beginners.
Debian: Known for its stability and strong adherence to free software principles.
Fedora: A cutting-edge distribution with the latest software and technologies.
CentOS: A distribution focused on server use cases and stability.
Arch Linux: A highly customizable and minimalistic distribution for advanced users.
For this tutorial, we'll use Ubuntu, as it's one of the most beginner-friendly distributions.
Requirements
Before starting the installation, ensure you have the following:
A computer with at least 2GB of RAM and 25GB of free disk space.
A USB drive (8GB or larger) to create a bootable USB.
A stable internet connection for downloading the Linux distribution.
Step-by-Step Installation Guide
Step 1: Download Ubuntu
Visit the official Ubuntu website and download the latest LTS (Long Term Support) version of Ubuntu. LTS versions are recommended for most users as they receive long-term support and updates.
Step 2: Create a Bootable USB Drive
You'll need to create a bootable USB drive to install Ubuntu. You can use a tool like Rufus (for Windows) or Balena Etcher (cross-platform) for this purpose. Follow the tool's instructions to write the Ubuntu ISO file to the USB drive.
Step 3: Boot from the USB Drive
Insert the bootable USB drive into your computer and restart it. You might need to access the BIOS or UEFI settings to set the USB drive as the primary boot device. Once done, save the settings and reboot your computer.
Step 4: Ubuntu Installation
Choose "Install Ubuntu" from the boot menu.
Select your language and click "Continue."
Connect to a Wi-Fi network, or proceed without a network connection.
Choose "Normal Installation" and "Download updates while installing" for a smooth installation process.
Step 5: Partitioning
You have a choice to install Ubuntu alongside your existing operating system or erase the disk and install Ubuntu as the sole operating system. If you're a beginner, it's safer to choose the "Install Ubuntu alongside [Your Current OS]" option.
Step 6: User and Location Setup
Set your time zone.
Create a user account, provide a strong password, and decide whether to log in automatically.
Step 7: Installation Progress
Sit back and relax as Ubuntu is installed. Once complete, you'll be prompted to remove the installation media and press Enter.
Step 8: First Boot
Your system will reboot, and you'll be welcomed by the Ubuntu login screen. Enter your password and start exploring your new Linux environment.